Over-diagnosis and over-treatment of depression is common in the US

Public release date: 30-Apr-2013
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Contact: Natalie Wood-Wright
nwoodwri@jhsph.edu
410-614-6029
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Americans are over-diagnosed and over-treated for depression, according to a new study conducted at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study examines adults with clinician-identified depression and individuals who experienced major depressive episodes within a 12-month period. It found that when assessed for major depressive episodes using a structured interview, only 38.4 percent of adults with clinician-identified depression met the 12-month criteria for depression, despite the majority of participants being prescribed and using psychiatric medications. The results are featured in the April 2013 issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

"Depression over-diagnosis and over-treatment is common in the U.S. and frankly the numbers are staggering," said Ramin J. Mojtabai, PhD, author of the study and an associate professor with the Bloomberg School's Department of Mental Health. "Among study participants who were 65 years old or older with clinician-identified depression, 6 out of every 7 did not meet the 12-month major-depressive-episodes criteria. While participants who did not meet the criteria used significantly fewer services and treatment contacts, the majority of both groups used prescription psychiatric medication."

Using a sample of 5,639 participants from the 2009-2010 United States National Survey of Drug Use and Health, Mojtabai assessed clinician-identified depression based on questions about conditions that the participants were told they had by a doctor or other medical professional in the past 12 months. The study indicates that even among participants without a lifetime history of major or minor depression, a majority reported having taken prescription psychiatric medications.

"A number of factors likely contribute to the high false-positive rate of depression diagnosis in community settings, including the relatively low prevalence of depression in these settings, clinicians' uncertainty about the diagnostic criteria and the ambiguity regarding sub-threshold syndromes," said Mojtabai. "Previous evidence has highlighted the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of major depression in community settings. The new data suggest that the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of many who are in need of treatment occurs in conjunction with the over-diagnosis and over-treatment of others who do not need such treatment. There is a need for improved targeting of diagnosis and treatment of depression and other mental disorders in these settings."

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"Clinician-Identified Depression in Community Settings: Concordance with Structured-Interview Diagnoses," was written by Ramin J. Mojtabai.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 30-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Natalie Wood-Wright
nwoodwri@jhsph.edu
410-614-6029
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

Americans are over-diagnosed and over-treated for depression, according to a new study conducted at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study examines adults with clinician-identified depression and individuals who experienced major depressive episodes within a 12-month period. It found that when assessed for major depressive episodes using a structured interview, only 38.4 percent of adults with clinician-identified depression met the 12-month criteria for depression, despite the majority of participants being prescribed and using psychiatric medications. The results are featured in the April 2013 issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics.

"Depression over-diagnosis and over-treatment is common in the U.S. and frankly the numbers are staggering," said Ramin J. Mojtabai, PhD, author of the study and an associate professor with the Bloomberg School's Department of Mental Health. "Among study participants who were 65 years old or older with clinician-identified depression, 6 out of every 7 did not meet the 12-month major-depressive-episodes criteria. While participants who did not meet the criteria used significantly fewer services and treatment contacts, the majority of both groups used prescription psychiatric medication."

Using a sample of 5,639 participants from the 2009-2010 United States National Survey of Drug Use and Health, Mojtabai assessed clinician-identified depression based on questions about conditions that the participants were told they had by a doctor or other medical professional in the past 12 months. The study indicates that even among participants without a lifetime history of major or minor depression, a majority reported having taken prescription psychiatric medications.

"A number of factors likely contribute to the high false-positive rate of depression diagnosis in community settings, including the relatively low prevalence of depression in these settings, clinicians' uncertainty about the diagnostic criteria and the ambiguity regarding sub-threshold syndromes," said Mojtabai. "Previous evidence has highlighted the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of major depression in community settings. The new data suggest that the under-diagnosis and under-treatment of many who are in need of treatment occurs in conjunction with the over-diagnosis and over-treatment of others who do not need such treatment. There is a need for improved targeting of diagnosis and treatment of depression and other mental disorders in these settings."

###

"Clinician-Identified Depression in Community Settings: Concordance with Structured-Interview Diagnoses," was written by Ramin J. Mojtabai.

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/jhub-oao043013.php

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Discovery helps explain how children develop rare, fatal disease

Apr. 30, 2013 ? One of 100,000 children is born with Menkes disease, a genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to properly absorb copper from food and leads to neurodegeneration, seizures, impaired movement, stunted growth and, often, death before age 3. Now, a team of biochemistry researchers at the University of Missouri has published conclusive scientific evidence that the gene ATP7A is essential for the dietary absorption of the nutrient copper. Their work with laboratory mice also provides a greater understanding of how this gene impacts Menkes disease as scientists search for a treatment.

Humans cannot survive if their bodies are lacking the ATP7A gene, yet children can develop Menkes disease when the gene is mutated or missing. Previously, scientists did not have a good model to test the gene's function or develop an understanding of the underlying causes of the disease symptoms. In his new study, Michael Petris, associate professor of biochemistry, was able to modify mice so that they were missing the ATP7A gene in certain areas of the body, specifically the intestinal track where nutrient absorption takes place.

"These findings help us to understand where in the body the function of this gene is vital and how the loss of the gene in certain tissues can give rise to Menke's disease," said Petris, who is a researcher in the Bond Life Sciences Center and holds an appointment in the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology. "We want to continue to explore the underlying biology of Menke's disease to determine where we should focus our research efforts in the future. If we know which organs or tissues are most responsible for transporting copper throughout the body, we can focus on making sure the gene is expressed in those areas. This disease is ideal for gene therapy down the road."

Petris found that young mice missing the ATP7A gene in their intestinal cells were unable to absorb copper from food, resulting in an overall copper deficiency that mimics symptoms of Menkes disease in children. Petris says it's vital to ensure that the developing newborns absorb enough copper during the neonatal period when the demand for the mineral is highest.

"Copper is a little-appreciated but essential trace mineral in all body tissues," Petris said. "Cells cannot properly use oxygen without copper; it helps in the formation of red blood cells, and it helps keep the blood vessels, nerves, skin, immune system and bones healthy. Normally, people absorb enough copper through their food. However, in the bodies of those with Menkes disease, copper begins to accumulate at abnormally low levels in the liver and brain and at higher than normal levels in the kidney and intestinal lining."

Newborn screening for this disorder is not routine, and early detection is infrequent because it can arise spontaneously in families, Petris said. Many times, the disease is not detected until the symptoms are noticed, and by that time, it can be too late for any aggressive treatments.

"The clinical signs of Menkes disease are subtle in the beginning, so the disease is rarely treated early enough to make a significant difference," he said. "However, a single dose of copper injected into mice within a few days of birth restored normal growth and life expectancy. Early intervention was critical because treatment that began after symptoms developed wasn't successful."

Petris says that understanding the roles of copper in biology may have far-reaching health implications for the general population because copper underpins many facets of biology, including the growth of cancer tumors and the formation of toxic proteins in Alzheimer's disease.

The development of these mice provides a novel experimental system in which to test treatments for patients with this disease. The early-stage results of this research are promising, but additional studies are needed.

The research was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Missouri-Columbia.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Y. Wang, S. Zhu, V. Hodgkinson, J. R. Prohaska, G. A. Weisman, J. D. Gitlin, M. J. Petris. Maternofetal and neonatal copper requirements revealed by enterocyte-specific deletion of the Menkes disease protein. AJP: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2012; 303 (11): G1236 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00339.2012

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/5PF3vxMdY3o/130430161946.htm

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Bangladesh owner is at nexus of politics, business

SAVAR, Bangladesh (AP) ? When the cracks in the building appeared early Tuesday afternoon, a stocky man in his early 30s, a feared political operative who a neighbor says dropped out of school in seventh grade, quickly arrived at the scene in this crowded industrial suburb of the capital.

By then, fear had spread through the 3,200 people who worked in the five clothing factories that jammed the upper floors of Rana Plaza, and the handful of shops on the lower ones. Most of the workers had gathered in the street out front. Few wanted to go back in. Inspectors said the eight-story building should be closed until it could be inspected.

But Mohammed Sohel Rana scoffed.

"The building has minor damages," Rana, the building's owner, told gathering reporters. "There is nothing serious."

The next morning, many of the building's shops and a first-floor bank remained closed. But the factories' 8 a.m. shift began as usual. About 45 minutes into the shift, the building suddenly collapsed, killing at least 350 people in a fury of falling concrete. It was the worst industrial accident in the history of Bangladesh. More than three days later, rescuers are still crawling through the wreckage, hoping to find anyone who has managed to survive so long. By Saturday, nearly all the people being carried out were dead.

Rana, though, has disappeared. He hasn't been seen, according to local media reports, since he left his basement office in Rana Plaza and drove away, just before the collapse. Today, his political patron has abandoned him and authorities want to arrest him.

Rana sits at the nexus of party politics and the powerful $20 billion garment industry that drives the economy of this deeply impoverished nation. Experts say this intersection of politics and business, combined with a minimum wage of $9.50 a week that has made Bangladesh the go-to nation for many of the world's largest clothing brands, has created a predictable danger for factory workers.

Government officials, labor activists, manufacturers and retailers all called for improved safety standards after a November fire in the same suburb, when locked emergency exits trapped hundreds of garment workers inside amid spreading flames and 112 people died. But almost nothing has changed.

"Successive Bangladeshi governments have paid lip service to worker safety but in reality it is only the factory owners who have the ear of policymakers," Brad Adams, the Asia director for Human Rights Watch, said in a statement. "How many factory tragedies will it take before the Bangladeshi government ends its cozy relationship with powerful company owners and prioritizes worker safety?"

Before the collapse, Rana was little known outside of the few blocks of his tiny empire, a grid of poorly paved streets in the crowded industrial suburb of Savar, built up over the past decade or so around hundreds of garment factories.

The son of a local businessman with political connections, Rana became a neighborhood force by working as an organizer for the two political parties that have competed for power for decades in Bangladesh, according to local politicians, as well as someone who grew up near Rana and still lives in the area.

While Rana is currently a leader of the youth group of the ruling Awami League, he has also worked for that party's archrival, the Bangladesh National Party.

"He doesn't belong to any particular political party," said Ashrafuddin Khan Imu, an Awami League leader and longtime Rana rival. "Whatever party is in power, he is there."

In essence, these people say, Rana is a neighborhood political enforcer, regularly ordering thousands of people into the streets for rallies. Most recently, Imu said, he has been working for Awami League lawmaker Talukder Touhid Jang Murad. When Murad was asked about Rana after the collapse, Murad denied any connections. The next day, Dhaka newspapers printed photographs of Murad kissing Rana on the forehead after a successful rally earlier this year.

"He used to intimidate people whenever he needed them, like bringing people out for street marches in support of the lawmaker," said the neighbor, who spoke on condition he not be named, fearing Rana's wrath. "Neighbors would avoid him ... No one wanted to upset him."

Money came with his political connections, with wealth built upon a string of government-owned properties he acquired at reduced prices, according to local media reports. He built a small apartment building and a small commercial building, where a Bata shoe store is now on the ground floor. In 2010 he built Rana Plaza on land that had once been a swamp. He had a permit to erect a five-story building, but built three additional stories illegally.

Until Wednesday, he lived just a few blocks from Rana Plaza, in a five-story red-brick building he owns at the end of a narrow alley. The ground floor has a hand-painted medieval scene, with an aristocratic woman, or perhaps a bride, being carried by scowling bearers in a covered palanquin. The neighbor says he is married, and has two children. The buildings indicate he is a man of considerable stature locally, but is almost certainly not a member of the country's tiny elite.

After the cracks appeared in the building, witnesses say Rana quickly went to work. On Wednesday morning, he and a number of factory managers ordered nervous workers into the building shortly before the collapse, according to the neighbor, who was present at the scene, and local press reports.

"I was too afraid to go inside the building. But the factory officials assured us they would also be in the factory, so there should not be any problem," said Kohinoor Begum, a factory worker who survived but whose hands were injured.

By Saturday night, Rana was still nowhere to be found. Authorities say they detained his wife on Friday, apparently as a way to convince him to surrender.

What will happen to him? At first glance, the situation doesn't look good: He's on the run, his political allies have publicly abandoned him, Bangladesh's most powerful garment industry association says he ignored their warnings to shut the building, the prime minister has called for his arrest.

But in the streets of Savar, many people note that while three managers have been arrested in connection with the Tazreen fire, the factory owner remains free.

___

Sullivan reported from New Delhi, India. Julhas Alam in Dhaka contributed to the report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bangladesh-owner-nexus-politics-business-051832391.html

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Mother of bomb suspects insists sons are innocent

In this image taken from a video, an undated family photo provided by Patimat Suleimanova, the aunt of USA Boston bomb suspects, shows Anzor Tsarnaev left, Zubeidat Tsarnaev holding Tamerlan Tsarnaev and Anzor's brother Mukhammad Tsarnaev. Now known as the angry and grieving mother of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects, Zubeidat Tsarnaev is drawing increased attention after federal officials say Russian authorities intercepted her phone calls, including one in which she vaguely discussed jihad with her elder son. In another, she was recorded talking to someone in southern Russia who is under FBI investigation in an unrelated case, U.S. officials said. (AP Photo/Patimat Suleimanova)

In this image taken from a video, an undated family photo provided by Patimat Suleimanova, the aunt of USA Boston bomb suspects, shows Anzor Tsarnaev left, Zubeidat Tsarnaev holding Tamerlan Tsarnaev and Anzor's brother Mukhammad Tsarnaev. Now known as the angry and grieving mother of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects, Zubeidat Tsarnaev is drawing increased attention after federal officials say Russian authorities intercepted her phone calls, including one in which she vaguely discussed jihad with her elder son. In another, she was recorded talking to someone in southern Russia who is under FBI investigation in an unrelated case, U.S. officials said. (AP Photo/Patimat Suleimanova)

FILE - This April 25, 2013 file photo shows the mother of the two Boston bombing suspects, Zubeidat Tsarnaeva, left, speaking at a news conference in Makhachkala, the southern Russian province of Dagestan. Two government officials tell The Associated Press that U.S. intelligence agencies added the Boston bombing suspects' mother to a federal terrorism database about 18 months before the attack. At right is her sister-in-law Maryam. (AP Photo/Musa Sadulayev, File)

BOSTON (AP) ? The angry and grieving mother of the Boston Marathon bombing suspects insists that her sons are innocent and that she's no terrorist.

But Zubeidat Tsarnaeva is drawing increased attention after federal officials say Russian authorities intercepted her phone calls, including one in which she vaguely discussed jihad with her elder son. In another, she was recorded talking to someone in southern Russia who is under FBI investigation in an unrelated case, U.S. officials said.

In photos of her as a younger woman, Tsarnaeva wears a low-cut blouse and has her hair teased like a 1980s rock star. After she arrived in the U.S. from Russia in 2002, she went to beauty school and did facials at a suburban day spa.

But in recent years, people noticed a change. She began wearing a hijab and cited conspiracy theories about 9/11 being a plot against Muslims.

Tsarnaeva insists there is no mystery and that she's just someone who found a deeper spirituality. She fiercely defends her sons ? Tamerlan, who was killed in a gunfight with police, and Dzhokhar, who was wounded and captured.

"It's all lies and hypocrisy," she told The Associated Press in Dagestan. "I'm sick and tired of all this nonsense that they make up about me and my children. People know me as a regular person, and I've never been mixed up in any criminal intentions, especially any linked to terrorism."

At a news conference in Dagestan with her ex-husband Anzor Tsarnaev last week, Tsarnaeva appeared overwhelmed with grief one moment, defiant the next. "They already are talking about that we are terrorists, I am terrorist," she said. "They already want me, him and all of us to look (like) terrorists."

Amid the scrutiny, Tsarnaeva and Anzor say they have put off the idea of any trip to the U.S. to reclaim their elder son's body or try to visit Dzhokhar in jail. Tsarnaev told the AP on Sunday he was too ill to travel to the U.S. Tsarnaeva faces a 2012 shoplifting charge in a Boston suburb, though it was unclear whether that was a deterrent.

Tsarnaeva arrived in the U.S. in 2002, settling in a working-class section of Cambridge, Mass. With four children, Anzor and Zubeidat qualified for food stamps and were on and off public assistance benefits for years. The large family squeezed itself into a third-floor apartment.

Zubeidat took classes at the Catherine Hinds Institute of Esthetics, before becoming a state-licensed aesthetician. Anzor, who had studied law, fixed cars.

By some accounts, the family was tolerant.

Bethany Smith, a New Yorker who befriended Zubeidat's two daughters, said in an interview with Newsday that when she stayed with the family for a month in 2008 while she looked at colleges, she was welcomed even though she was Christian and had tattoos.

"I had nothing but love over there. They accepted me for who I was," Smith told the newspaper. "Their mother, Zubeidat, she considered me to be a part of the family. She called me her third daughter."

Zubeidat said she and Tamerlan began to turn more deeply into their Muslim faith about five years ago after being influenced by a family friend, named "Misha." The man, whose full name she didn't reveal, impressed her with a religious devotion that was far greater than her own, even though he was an ethnic Armenian who converted to Islam.

"I wasn't praying until he prayed in our house, so I just got really ashamed that I am not praying, being a Muslim, being born Muslim. I am not praying. Misha, who converted, was praying," she said.

By then, she had left her job at the day spa and was giving facials in her apartment. One client, Alyssa Kilzer, noticed the change when Tsarnaeva put on a head scarf before leaving the apartment.

"She had never worn a hijab while working at the spa previously, or inside the house, and I was really surprised," Kilzer wrote in a post on her blog. "She started to refuse to see boys that had gone through puberty, as she had consulted a religious figure and he had told her it was sacrilegious. She was often fasting."

Kilzer wrote that Tsarnaeva was a loving and supportive mother, and she felt sympathy for her plight after the April 15 bombings. But she stopped visiting the family's home for spa treatments in late 2011 or early 2012 when, during one session, she "started quoting a conspiracy theory, telling me that she thought 9/11 was purposefully created by the American government to make America hate Muslims."

"It's real," Tsarnaeva said, according to Kilzer. "My son knows all about it. You can read on the Internet."

In the spring of 2010, Zubeidat's eldest son got married in a ceremony at a Boston mosque that no one in the family had previously attended. Tamerlan and his wife, Katherine Russell, a Rhode Island native and convert from Christianity, now have a child who is about 3 years old.

Zubeidat married into a Chechen family but was an outsider. She is an Avar, from one of the dozens of ethnic groups in Dagestan. Her native village is now a hotbed of an ultraconservative strain of Islam known as Salafism or Wahabbism.

It is unclear whether religious differences fueled tension in their family. Anzor and Zubeidat divorced in 2011.

About the same time, there was a brief FBI investigation into Tamerlan Tsarnaev, prompted by a tip from Russia's security service.

The vague warning from the Russians was that Tamerlan, an amateur boxer in the U.S., was a follower of radical Islam who had changed drastically since 2010. That led the FBI to interview Tamerlan at the family's home in Cambridge. Officials ultimately placed his name, and his mother's name, on various watch lists, but the inquiry was closed in late spring of 2011.

After the bombings, Russian authorities told U.S. investigators they had secretly recorded a phone conversation in which Zubeidat had vaguely discussed jihad with Tamerlan. The Russians also recorded Zubeidat talking to someone in southern Russia who is under FBI investigation in an unrelated case, according to U.S. officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the investigation with reporters.

The conversations are significant because, had they been revealed earlier, they might have been enough evidence for the FBI to initiate a more thorough investigation of the Tsarnaev family.

Anzor's brother, Ruslan Tsarni, told the AP from his home in Maryland that he believed his former sister-in-law had a "big-time influence" on her older son's growing embrace of his Muslim faith and decision to quit boxing and school.

While Tamerlan was living in Russia for six months in 2012, Zubeidat, who had remained in the U.S., was arrested at a shopping mall in the suburb of Natick, Mass., and accused of trying to shoplift $1,624 worth of women's clothing from a department store.

She failed to appear in court to answer the charges that fall, and instead left the country.

___

Seddon reported from Makhachkala, Russia. Associated Press writers Eileen Sullivan and Matt Apuzzo contributed to this report from Washington.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-04-29-Boston%20Marathon-Suspects'%20Mother/id-26c47ee09dfc4b6489722eb602fa6ee1

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Obama to nominate Anthony Foxx as transportation secretary (reuters)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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New Moms Check In With Their Newborns On iPads To Start Surveillance Young

After a difficult birth, women are sometimes separated from their newborns because the babies are in the neonatal intensive care unit and the mothers are recovering elsewhere in the hospital. Cedars-Sinai in LA is providing iPads for "BabyTime", though, so families can stay connected. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/-zV_C9f2lLY/new-moms-check-in-with-their-newborns-on-ipads-to-start-surveillance-young

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Temasek Holdings sets up energy company

SINGAPORE: Temasek Holdings has set up an energy company to tap Asia's growing energy demand.

Pavilion Energy will have an initial authorised capital of S$1 billion and should be operational by September.

The company will invest globally across Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)-related businesses.

These include LNG trading and exploration as well as storage, processing and shipping.

Temasek said in a statement that as the region's economies continue to transform and urbanise, the demand for clean energy, especially LNG, is expected to increase.

According to the International Energy Agency, the global use of gas will rise 50 per cent by 2035, from the levels in 2010.

Gas will account for a quarter of the world's energy mix, especially with increasing demands from large economies such as China which is replacing coal with gas as an energy source.

Pavilion Energy will look to partner with energy industry leaders and players to meet the region's growing gas needs.

It may also co-invest alongside Temasek, which has been stepping up its investments in the energy and resource sectors over the last few years.

Pavilion has appointed Mohd Hassan Marican, the former president and CEO of Petronas, as chairman of its board.

The company has also appointed Seah Moon Ming as its chief executive officer.

Mr Seah joined Temasek in March and was most recently the deputy CEO of ST Engineering, overseeing ST Aerospace, ST Electronics, ST Kinetics and ST Marine.

"To secure long-term and stable supply of LNG to our customers in Singapore and the Asian region, we will be sourcing our LNG supply from multiple sources and various partners in North America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia," said Mr Seah in the statement.

Over the coming months, Pavilion Energy will work to set up the various parts of its operations and it expects to be operational in September 2013. ?

Source: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/business/singapore/temasek-holdings-sets-up-energy-company/628608.html

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Minnesota Energy Tip: Saving Money

Written by the Minnesota Department of Commerce

April is Financial Literacy Month, a campaign to help focus on our finances and develop healthy financial habits. One of the best ways to save money?month after month?is to conserve energy.

Whether it?s the middle of the hot summer or the dead of winter, there are several basic no- or low-cost measures you can take to conserve energy and decrease your utility bills:

• Use a programmable thermostat to reduce your heating and cooling costs.
• Turn off computers and monitors when not in use.
• Plug home electronics, such as TVs and DVD players, into power strips and turn the strips off when equipment is not in use.
• Turn off lights when not in use.
• Close your fireplace damper when not in use.
• Take short showers; turn your hot water heater down to 120 degrees.
• Wash only full loads of dishes and clothes; air dry when possible.
• Replace inefficient incandescent light bulbs with ENERGY STAR? rated compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) or light emitting diodes (LEDs).
• Look for the ENERGY STAR? label when purchasing new appliances, lighting, and electronics.
• Have a home energy assessment to identify ways to make your home more energy efficient (weather-strip doors and windows, seal air leaks, add insulation, and more).
• Go to work via carpool or vanpool, or use public transportation.

For more energy-saving tips, check out the U.S. Department of Energy?s Energy Savers website. Also, the Division of Energy Resources offers an energy guide called ?Appliances, Lighting & Electronics? and a fact sheet called ?Ten Ways to Save Energy? that address ways to save energy.

Source: http://centralmn.wdio.com/news/home-garden/56592-minnesota-energy-tip-saving-money

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Rotary valve could help propel craft to Mars one day

Apr. 3, 2013 ? A rotary fuel delivery valve developed by a University of Alabama in Huntsville team led by Dr. James Blackmon just might help us get manned space flights out of our immediate neighborhood one day, and he says it could have practical terrestrial applications.

Dr. Blackmon, a principal research engineer at the university's Propulsion Research Center, figures that to travel to places like Mars and beyond we'll first have to decide what kind of fuel delivery system we'll use to feed the rocket engines and then we'll have to determine how we're going to rebuild or maintain that system during long stays in space. That's where the new valve comes in.

"There are two primary propellant feed systems, a pressurized system and a turbo pump system," he said. The pressurized system uses tank pressure to deliver fuel. "These are fine as long as the system uses less than 300 psi pressure." The turbo pump system uses an exhaust gas generator to power the pump. "That works up to 3,000 psi and the higher pressure gives you higher performance."

A third system known as sequential pumping lies between those two and may be best suited for long-distance travel. In that configuration, three fuel tanks are pressurized in sequential rotation from a main tank. As the first tank is about to be expended, valves switch from it to the second tank, and then subsequently to the third tank, then back to the first tank, and so on. Tanks not being used to fire the engine are being recharged in rotation from the main tank.

"This system gives you both high pressure and fail operational ability," Dr. Blackmon says. Rather than redundancy, where parts are duplicated so new ones can take over for failed ones, fail operational ability means that even if components in the system fail, the engine will continue to operate.

"Rocket systems are typically designed so they can sustain one failure and be safe, but to have fail operational ability is great because you don't have to lose your mission" Dr. Blackmon said. "It is very cheap, very reliable and it gives you the same delivered payload as a turbo pump."

The sequential system has a three to one advantage because of its lower weight, lower cost and greater reliability, but if there's one drawback to it, it's the valves.

"Valves are often the source of trouble in spaceflight," Dr. Blackmon said. "You have these plunger valves slamming open or slamming closed, or ball valves clunking full open and clunking full closed."

That's a lot of wear and tear over time, and here is where the new rotary valve excels. It uses a mechanism operated by one of two redundant motors to turn a shaft and slide a configured recess to a port, opening that port for either fuel delivery or recharge. One valve can control filling and emptying of all three rotational fuel tanks in the sequential system, and it can replace multiple older style valves with a device that is lower weight, lower cost and more reliable.

"You can do it with standard valves but we think it's better to do it with this because a standard valve is so difficult to repair," Dr. Blackmon said. When it comes time for service, the rotational valve is an easy fix.

"You can use a Crescent wrench and take it apart," said Dr. Blackmon. "It uses simple tools to fix it, and you can do it in space. If you're going to Mars and an astronaut had to fix it, you could fix it easily with a valve repair kit without having to remove the valve. You just block it off and fix it."

Two 3-D printed plastic rotary valve prototypes and a milled stainless steel prototype reside in Dr. Blackmon's office, and he uses them to illustrate its operation.

"We can change the flow rate in a controlled way by the contours in the flow path and also by the rate at which you rotate the valve," he said. "That way, as the first tank is tailing off, you can gradually increase the second tank for smooth operation. You're not slamming valves open and closed, and it makes it much smoother in operation."

The valve was developed and tested using just $5,000 gained as part of the Space Act Agreement initiatives for development, engineering and testing of design concepts. The money allowed former UAHuntsville graduate students David Eddleman and Chris Morton to work on design and testing in conjunction with James Richard of the Engineering Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center. Eddleman is now an MSFC employee. MSFC testing facilities were used to test and prove the valve's operation, as well as facilities at UAHuntsville.

Cheaper, lighter weight, dependable and easy to fix. But will it ever fly?

"That's a very good question," Dr. Blackmon said. "The problem is that it's very tough to get technical funding to develop a new idea, because what we have right now works. What we tried to do in testing was to demonstrate that the rotary valve does work like we said it will."

For now, he's also looking at uses for the valve in industrial flow control. "It might have applications in industry," Dr. Blackmon said, "if they want a durable valve in the field that's easy to fix, where you can keep the valve in place while you fix it."

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/space_time/nasa/~3/OmrdLizfBkw/130403200022.htm

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Obama talks climate, regaining House for Democrats, at fundraisers (reuters)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories Stories, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

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34 Hyperrealistic Paintings You'll Swear Are Photographs

As you scroll through these 34 exquisite hyperrealistic paintings, something strange will happen. You'll start doubting your eyes, then your brain, then these images. You'll become convinced that at least a few of them are photographs and not acrylic paint. They have to be. More »

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/atwjoPtpuBY/34-hyperrealistic-paintings-youll-swear-are-photographs

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Columbia experts at American Assoc. for Cancer Research 2013 Annual Meeting

Public release date: 3-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Elizabeth Streich
estreich@columbia.edu
212-305-3689
Columbia University Medical Center

The following research from clinician-scientists at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center will be presented at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting, April 6, 2013, in Washington, DC.

EMBARGO NOTE: The embargo for all abstracts to be presented at the AACR Annual Meeting is in effect until the date and time of the presentation unless otherwise noted on the abstract and/or this summary. Please address any questions to the AACR media and public relations team.

Cancer Imaging in Mice and Men
Authors: Andrew Kung, MD, PhD, chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 7:00 am:00 am

Major SymposiumThe Origins and Clinical Implications of Precancerous Lesions
Author: Cory Abate-Shen, PhD, professor of urology, director of research, Department of Urology
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

The Interface Between Development and Cancer Using Model Organisms
Author: Michael Shen, PhD, professor of medicine and of genetics and development
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

The Origins of Neoplastic Progression of Barrett's Esophagus
Author: Timothy C. Wang, MD, chief, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Exploration of Genome-Wide Circulating MicroRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) - Dysregulation of miR-483-5p and miR-150 as Diagnostic Marker
Author: Jing Shen, PhD, assistant professor of environmental health sciences
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Hiding from Chemo: Leukemia Cells Making Tumors to Survive [in Session: Role of Microenvironment in Tumor Dormancy and Resistance Niches]
Author: Isabel Cunningham, MD, adjunct associate research scientist, hematology oncology
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 3:15 pm:15 pm

Loss of PTEN Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Author: Dario Garcia-Carracedo, PhD, associate research scientist
Presentation Time: Monday, April 8, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Predictive Modeling of Cancer Treatment in Single Patients (N of 1)
Author: Andrea Califano, PhD, chief, Division of Biomedical Informatics, professor of systems biology (in biomedical informatics and the Institute for Cancer Genetics)
Presentation Time: Monday, April 8, 5:00 pm::30 pm

Inactivation of the Activin Signaling Pathway Accelerates the Development of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in vivo
Author: Wanglong Qiu, MD, PhD, associate research scientist
Presentation Time: Tuesday April 9, 8:00 am:00 pm

Current Concepts in Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research - Next-Generation Therapeutic Modeling in Mice
Author: Cory Abate-Shen, PhD, professor of urology, director of research, Department of Urology
Presentation Time: Tuesday, April 9, 8:15 am:15 am

Cancer Targets and Discovery
Author: Andrea Califano, PhD, chief, Division of Biomedical Informatics, professor of systems biology (in biomedical informatics and the Institute for Cancer Genetics)
Presentation Time: Wednesday, April 10, 11:00 am:00 pm

###

Media Contact:

cumcnews@columbia.edu or 212-305-3900

pr@nyp.org or 212-305-5587

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[ | E-mail | Share ]

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 3-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Elizabeth Streich
estreich@columbia.edu
212-305-3689
Columbia University Medical Center

The following research from clinician-scientists at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center will be presented at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting, April 6, 2013, in Washington, DC.

EMBARGO NOTE: The embargo for all abstracts to be presented at the AACR Annual Meeting is in effect until the date and time of the presentation unless otherwise noted on the abstract and/or this summary. Please address any questions to the AACR media and public relations team.

Cancer Imaging in Mice and Men
Authors: Andrew Kung, MD, PhD, chief, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 7:00 am:00 am

Major SymposiumThe Origins and Clinical Implications of Precancerous Lesions
Author: Cory Abate-Shen, PhD, professor of urology, director of research, Department of Urology
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

The Interface Between Development and Cancer Using Model Organisms
Author: Michael Shen, PhD, professor of medicine and of genetics and development
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

The Origins of Neoplastic Progression of Barrett's Esophagus
Author: Timothy C. Wang, MD, chief, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Exploration of Genome-Wide Circulating MicroRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) - Dysregulation of miR-483-5p and miR-150 as Diagnostic Marker
Author: Jing Shen, PhD, assistant professor of environmental health sciences
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Hiding from Chemo: Leukemia Cells Making Tumors to Survive [in Session: Role of Microenvironment in Tumor Dormancy and Resistance Niches]
Author: Isabel Cunningham, MD, adjunct associate research scientist, hematology oncology
Presentation Time: Sunday, April 7, 3:15 pm:15 pm

Loss of PTEN Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Author: Dario Garcia-Carracedo, PhD, associate research scientist
Presentation Time: Monday, April 8, 1:00 pm:00 pm

Predictive Modeling of Cancer Treatment in Single Patients (N of 1)
Author: Andrea Califano, PhD, chief, Division of Biomedical Informatics, professor of systems biology (in biomedical informatics and the Institute for Cancer Genetics)
Presentation Time: Monday, April 8, 5:00 pm::30 pm

Inactivation of the Activin Signaling Pathway Accelerates the Development of Pancreatic Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms in vivo
Author: Wanglong Qiu, MD, PhD, associate research scientist
Presentation Time: Tuesday April 9, 8:00 am:00 pm

Current Concepts in Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research - Next-Generation Therapeutic Modeling in Mice
Author: Cory Abate-Shen, PhD, professor of urology, director of research, Department of Urology
Presentation Time: Tuesday, April 9, 8:15 am:15 am

Cancer Targets and Discovery
Author: Andrea Califano, PhD, chief, Division of Biomedical Informatics, professor of systems biology (in biomedical informatics and the Institute for Cancer Genetics)
Presentation Time: Wednesday, April 10, 11:00 am:00 pm

###

Media Contact:

cumcnews@columbia.edu or 212-305-3900

pr@nyp.org or 212-305-5587

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/cumc-cea040313.php

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Anger Management Therapy | The Best of Me

Anger management programs provide the personal plenty of info regarding techniques and methods for handling temper. Is there anger management treatment available for those that feel the need to take their therapy a step further?

In the very early 1970?s, a psychiatrist named Aaron T. Beck, M. D, created an anger management therapy focusing on problem-solving. This therapy at first called Cognitive Treatment is now also referred to as Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy or CBT. Beck collaborated with people for many years using his psychological expertise however was strained to see his person?s treatment making only sluggish development. Beck wished to utilize a more intense approach to anger management therapy.

Cognitive Treatment is a kind of anger management treatment which helps a person to deal with or transform certain information in their reasoning. These details, including unfavorable sensations, will likely lead to temper and source behavioral issues. Its popularity has dispersed worldwide and is utilized by many qualified specialists to deal with people along with behavior troubles such as temper.

Many individuals who experience anger-related issues steer clear of treatment. Some believe they do not need it and others see it as a sign of weakness. The reverse can in fact be said of an individual who looks for anger management treatment. They are sturdy and figured out, willing to take whatever gauges essential to make beneficial adjustments in their life. When an individual specifies where they can easily confess they need anger management therapy, it is essential to discover a counselor who makes them feel comfortable. It is important to be able to communicate easily with a therapist because this is the person who will certainly aid enhance the shape of the individual?s life. Developing a reliabling partnership with their counselor is essential when an individual is committed to therapy, no matter exactly how long it takes.

Being able to discuss emotions, whether bad or great, is essential in anger management therapy. It is through discussing and trusting that an individual starts to find things about themselves. Once these revelations are disclosed, an individual will certainly begin to work on making changes in their ideas and feelings which will result in favorable modifications in their lives. Anger management treatment may appear tough at first however along with a reliabling specialist, an individual will certainly make progress. This partnership in between the individual and their counselor gives a safety zone, a place where they can easily don?t hesitate to disclose their innermost ideas and restraints. Exploring hiddening feelings of these ideas will ultimately supply the devices essential for success.
Anger management therapy, either CBT or meeting regularly with a therapist, is absolutely useful for individuals aiming to work through anger-related concerns. Choosing anger management therapy is a large step and requires the assistance and encouragement from friend and family.

Beck wished to use a much more extreme technique to anger management therapy.

Cognitive Treatment is a form of anger management therapy which aids a person to fix or alter particular details in their reasoning. The reverse can actually be said of an individual who seeks anger management treatment. When an individual obtains to the factor where they can easily accept they need anger management treatment, it is necessary to locate a therapist who makes them feel comfy. Anger management treatment might appear tough at first however with a reliabling specialist, a person will certainly make development.

Source: http://bestofmesh.com/anger-management-therapy/

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